WESTERN CIVILIZATION Final Exam Study Guide.
The final exam will include a timeline section something like this; as you review the items below for the exam, practice matching the letter on the timeline with the event below.
A B C D E AB AC AD AE _ BC BD BE
1492 1688 1789 1815 1914 1939
Henry VIII and the English Reformation
Reformation
Background causes
Leo X and Johann Tetzel
Martin Luther and the 95 Theses
Luther’s heretical doctrines.
Holy Roman Empire and Charles V
Diet of Worms
Peace of Augsburg
John Calvin
Predestination
Geneva
Pope Paul III and the Catholic Counter Reformation
Thirty Years War
Henry VIII and the English Reformation
The English Revolution
Stuart attitude toward power and Parliament
James I
Anglican vs. Puritan
Charles I
Civil War
Oliver Cromwell
Cavaliers and Roundheads
Commonwealth
Protectorate
Levelers
The Restoration and Charles II
James II and the Glorious Revolution
William and Mary
Triumph of Parliament and the English Bill of Rights
Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
Scientific revolution
Ptolemy and Geocentric model of the universe
Copernicus and Heliocentric model of the universe
Contrast ancient and modern scientific methods
Galileo and the point of view of the Catholic Church
Sir Issac Newton
Characteristics of the Enlightenment
John Locke, natural rights and the social contract
Voltaire, Jean Jacques Rousseau
Montesquieu and the separation of powers
Impact of Enlightenment and JOHN LOCKE on American history and “founding fathers”
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON
Problems of the Old Regime
Absolute monarchy
Three Estates system
The Estates General and the issue of voting
Tennis Court Oath
National Assembly
Bastille
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
August 4th Reforms
Constitution of 1791
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
War with European powers
Jacobins
Committee of Public Safety
Robespierre
Reign of Terror
Directory
Coup d'etat
Napoleon
Civil Code
Coronation as Emperor
Austerlitz
Continental System
Invasion of Russia
Exile to Elba
100 Days and Waterloo
Exile to St Helena
Legacy of Napoleon for France and Europe
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Causes of the industrial revolution
Agricultural Revolution
Technological improvements.
Key raw materials
England as origin and center of Industrial Revolution
Textiles industry
Effects on working class.
Adam Smith and Laissez‑faire theory.
Utilitarianism
Socialism
Marxism
19TH CENTURY
Congress of Vienna
Nationalism
Liberalism
Revolutions of 1848
The French Rollercoaster
French Second Republic (1848), Second Empire (1852), Third Republic (1870).
Universal male suffrage in France.
Reforms in England
Universal Male suffrage in England by end of 19th Century.
Women win the vote in 1928.
UNIFICATION OF GERMANY
German nationalism
Frankfurt Assembly
Nature of Prussia
Otto Von Bismarck
Bismarck's Wars: Danish and Austro‑Prussian Wars and
Franco‑Prussian War and Alsace and Lorraine
German unification in aftermath of Franco Prussian War
Wilhelm I
WORLD WAR I
Background causes of World War I:
Nationalism
Imperial rivalry
Militarism
Alliance system
Balkan tensions
Franz Ferdinand
Black Hand
"Blank check" and "ultimatum"
String of events leading to war
Marne, Somme, Verdun
Stalemate on Western Front
Industrial Revolution and World War I
Lusitania and U-boat warfare
Entry of U.S.; exit of Russia
Events of 1918
Armistice
the Big Four
"Fourteen Points"
War Guilt Clause
Treaty of Versailles
Consequences of World War I
League of Nations
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Russia before the Revolution
Causes of the Russian Revolution
Tsar Nicolas II
March Revolution and the November Revolution
Bolsheviks
Lenin
Marxism-Leninism
Stalinism
The Gulag
WORLD WAR II
Rise of Fascism in Italy
Rise of Nazism in Germany
Appeasement
Outbreak of war